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Solitary confinement
Solitary confinement is a form of imprisonment in which an inmate is isolated from any human contact, though often with the exception of members of prison staff. It is sometimes employed as a form of punishment beyond incarceration for a prisoner and has been cited as an additional measure of protection for the inmate. This form of punishment is also given for violations of prison regulations. It is also used as a form of protective custody and to prevent in the case of suicide, restriction from items that could disrupt the prisoners health.
Solitary confinement is colloquially referred to in American English as "the hotbox", "the hole", "lockdown", "punk city", "SCU" (Solitary Confinement Unit), "AdSeg" (Administrative Segregation), the "SHU" (pronounced "shoe") – an acronym for "special housing unit" or "security housing unit", or "the pound"; in British English as "the block" or "the cooler"; and in Canada it is known as the Special Handling Unit.
== Historical controversy ==
Research surrounding possible psychological and physiological effects of solitary confinement date back to the 1860s. Prison records from the Denmark institute during 1870-1920 indicate that staff noticed inmates were exhibiting signs of mental illnesses while in isolation, revealing that this persistent problem has been around for decades. The first comment by the Supreme Court of the United States about solitary confinement's effect on prisoner mental status was made in 1890 (In re Medley 134 U.S. 160).〔 In it the court found that the use of solitary confinement produced reduced mental and physical capabilities.〔 The use of solitary confinement in prisons was first introduced in order to regulate unruly prisoners, and keep them away from the rest of the prison society (Haney, Craig; Lynch, Mona). However, Solitary Confinement has been linked to several developments of mental disorders, one of which being Ganser Syndrome. A man developed ganser syndrome after being held in solitary confinement for a long term sentence; however, this development is seen as rare, and unlikely in most cases. The effects of solitary confinement on mental health are undeniable. According to the Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry online, solitary confinement can cause an array of mental disorders, as well as provoke an already existing mental disorder in a prisoner, causing more trauma and symptoms. Solitary Confinement is a form of imprisonment practiced world wide, however, no positive effects of the punishment have been proven. (Jaapl).
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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